ASTM A234 Standard Specification

ASTM A234 is Standard Specification for steel pipe fittings includes carbon and alloy steel material for moderate and high temperature services.

Forging is the manufacturing process of ASTM A234 WPB pipe fittings.

  • W = WELDABLE / wrought
  • P = RELATED TO P NUMBER OF ALLOY MATERIAL
  • B = REFER TO MINIMUM YIELD OF MATERIAL

ASTM A234 Scope

1.1 This specification covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction covered by the latest revision of ASME B16.9, B16.11, MSS-SP-79, MSS-SP-83, and MSS-SP-95. These fittings are for use in pressure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures. Fittings differing from these ASME and MSS Standards shall be furnished in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specification A 960/A 960M.

1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for fittings where a greater degree of examination is desired. When desired, one or more of these supplementary requirements may be specified in the order.

1.3 This specification does not cover cast welding fittings or fittings machined from castings. Cast steel welding fittings are governed by Specifications A 216/A 216M and A 217/A 217M.

1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.

1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

GENERAL NOTE: All values are maximum unless otherwise indicated.

Chemical Composition (%) of ASTM A234

Grade Type Chemical Composition (%)
C Si S P Mn Cr Ni Mo Other ób ós δ5
WPB 0.3 0.1min 0.058 0.05 0.29-1.06 0.4 0.4 0.15 V:0.06;Nb:0.02 415-585 240 22 197
WPC 0.35 0.1min 0.058 0.05 0.29-1.06 0.4 0.4 0.15 V:0.06;Nb:0.02 485-655 275 22 197
WP1 0.28 0.1-0.5 0.045 0.045 0.3-0.9 0.44-0.65 380-550 205 22 197
WP12 CL1 0.05-0.2 0.6 0.045 0.045 0.3-0.8 0.8-1.25 0.44-0.65 415-585 220 22 197
WP12 CL2 0.05-0.2 0.6 0.045 0.045 0.3-0.8 0.8-1.25 0.44-0.65 485-655 275 22 197
WP11 CL1 0.05-0.15 0.5-1 0.03 0.03 0.3-0.6 1-1.5 0.44-0.65 415-585 205 22 197
WP11 CL2 0.05-0.2 0.5-1 0.04 0.04 0.3-0.8 1-1.5 0.44-0.65 485-655 275 22 197
WP11 CL3 0.05-0.2 0.5-1 0.04 0.04 0.3-0.8 1-1.5 0.44-0.65 520-690 310 22 197
WP22 CL1 0.05-0.15 0.5 0.04 0.04 0.3-0.6 1.9-2.6 0.87-1.13 415-585 205 22 197
WP22 CL3 0.05-0.15 0.5 0.04 0.04 0.3-0.6 1.9-2.6 0.87-1.13 520-690 310 22 197
WP5 CL1 0.15 0.5 0.03 0.04 0.3-0.6 4-6 0.44-0.65 415-585 205 22 217
WP5 CL3 0.15 0.5 0.03 0.04 0.3-0.6 4-6 0.44-0.65 520-690 310 22 217
WP9 CL1 0.15 1 0.03 0.03 0.3-0.6 8-10 0.9-1.1 415-585 205 22 217
WP9 CL3 0.15 1 0.03 0.03 0.3-0.6 8-10 0.9-1.1 520-690 310 22 217
WPR 0.2 0.05 0.045 0.4-1.06 1.6-2.24 435-605 315 22/28 217
WP91 0.08-0.12 0.2-0.5 0.01 0.02 0.3-0.6 8-9.5 0.4 0.85-1.05 See sdandard 585-760 415 20 248
WP911 0.09-0.13 0.1-0.5 0.01 0.02 0.3-0.6 8.5-10.5 0.4 0.9-1.1 See sdandard 620-840 440 20 248

Notes:

  • For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified C maximum, an increase of 0.06% Mn above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum of 1.35%.
  • The sum of Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo shall not exceed 1.00%.
  • The sum of Cr and Mo shall not exceed 0.32%.
  • The maximum carbon equivalent (C.E.) shall be 0.50, based on heat analysis and the formula C.E.=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15.

Mechanical properties of ASTM A234

Tensile Requirements WPB WPC, WP11CL2 WP11CL1 　WP11CL3
Tensile Strength, min, ksi[MPa] 60-85 70-95 60-85 　75-100
(0.2% offset or 0.5% extension-under-load) [415-585] [485-655] [415-585] 　[520-690]
Yield Strength, min, ksi[MPa] 32 40 30 45
[240] [275] [205] [310]

Where the wall thickness lies between two values above, the min elongation value is determined by the following equations:

  • Longitudinal E=48t+15.00
  • Transverse E=32t+10.00
  • E = elongation in 2in [50mm], %
  • t = actual thickness of specimen, in [mm]

Steel elbow is used to be installed between two lengths of pipe or tube allowing a change of direction,usually these carbon steel elbows distinguished by connection ends, The ends may be machined for butt welding , threaded , or socketed , so the carbon steel elbows are consist of butt weld,thread elbow socket elbow and other series.the material is selected according to the application use such as high temperature use,sanitary fitting,regular industrial use etc.

Referenced Documents

ASTM Standards
  • A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service
  • A217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for
High-Temperature Service
  • A960/A960M Specification for Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings
ASME Standards
  • B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded
  • ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
  • SectionIX Welding Qualifications
MSS Standards
  • MSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs

What is the manufacturing process of ASTM A234 WPB pipe fittings?

The WPB is not short hand for any process. It is simply an identifier developed by ASTM. The fittings in question are manufactured in the same manner as the companion pipe for this specification.

In very large sizes, the fittings may be manufactured in pieces and welded together as is the case for many large fittings.

The term used for the manufacturing is called “wrought” which means it is worked as opposed to being cast or forged.

As to the W standing for weldable, I’m not sure that is correct since that are many, many pipe fittings that are weldable but carry designations other than a W. Note the reference below.

LATEST STANDARD IS:

  • ASTM A234 fittings material consist of killed steel, forgings, bars, plates, seamless or HFW (fusion welded) pipe products, with filler metal added.
  • ASTM A234 standard covers steel fittings of seamless and welded types. ASTM A234 Pipe fittings are applied in pressure pipelines and in pressure vessel fabrications.
  • ASTM A234/A234M-07 Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service

This standard covers wrought carbon steel fittings of seamless and welded construction which are manufactured to the dimensional specifications of ASME B16.9 and B16.28. These fittings are primarily for use in pressure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures.

Grades in ASTM A234

ASTM A234 specification has many grades, such as WPB, WPC, WP11, WP12, WP22, WP91 and so on.

In these standard Grade WPB is the most common material used for medium and high temperature pipelines. W means weldable, P means pressure, B is grade b, refer to the minimum yield strength.

The source raw material of ASTM A234 WPB steel pipe fittings may be from steel pipe, such as ASTM A106 Gr.B and C. Also from steel plate, as ASTM A285 Gr.C, ASTM A516 Gr 70, ASTM A572 etc.

Process

Killed steel, with forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamless or fusion-welded tubular products with filler metal added. Forging or shaping operations performed by hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, rolling, bending, fusion welding, machining, or by a combination of two or more of these operations.

Heat Treatment

After forming at an elevated temperature, fittings are cooled to a temperature below the critical range under suitable conditions to prevent injurious defects caused by too rapid cooling, but in no case more rapidly than the cooling rate in still air. Heat treatment temperatures specified are metal (part) temperatures. Heat-treated fittings are to be treated according to paragraph 7 in Specification A960/A960M.

Get in touch

Welcome to Sunny Steel Enterprise Ltd.

Sunny Steel provide a wide range of steel products as Steel pipes, Seamless tube and seamless pipes, Alloy pipes, Pipe fittings, Composite steel pipe used in the industry, construction etc.


Contact Form

Name

Email *

Message *

Popular posts from this blog

Barred Tee

Image
A barred tee is a tee or any fitting with a branch used in pipelines that is pigged and has a restriction bar welded internally preventing the pig from traveling down a branch connection. Barred tee is a pipe fitting that is used in a pig launcher or receiver system in a piping system to ensure the pig could pass the branch safely. Design considerations for barred tee The barred tee will be used when there is a requirement for pigging. Thus, many of its applications can be found in the pipeline or in the subsea field. The bar plates that welded internally at the branch are to avoid the pig from changing direction or getting stuck at the branch outlet. The design of the bar plates must be in sufficient quantity, thickness and adequately spaced to ensure the smoothness for the pig to run through the main pipe, and at the same time not affecting the flow that was meant to flow through the branch. Normal practice is to ensure that the opening in the branch pipeline after gui
Read more

How to Calculate a Pipe Bend?

Image
Pipe fittings are necessary to join together pipes, or to change the direction of an existing pipe. Pipes and pipe fittings are made of a variety of materials, depending on the fluid or gas being transported. Most pipe fittings tend to be either threaded or able to slip over the pipes they connect. Whether you are using steel pipes of PVC pipes, a chemical solvent is required to create a seal between the pipe and the fittings. Measure the required length of the pipe to be installed, keeping in mind the extra length required where the pipe will be inserted into the fitting. Mark this length on the pipe. How to Calculate a Pipe Bend Whether you are bending pipe for running electrical conduit or a metal project, calculating the bend for the start and end point can be an important factor. While there are different types of pipe benders on the market, they all share a common identification for the operation. Identified on all pipe benders is the size of pipe the unit will bend alon
Read more

ANSI Flange Standards

Image
The American National Standard Institute, ANSI, has been overseeing guidelines and standards for products manufactured through several sectors. WHAT IS ANSI? ANSI-approved flanges are used for the industrial market which handles gas, air and steam process systems. Originally formed in 1918, the American National Standards Institute is headquartered in Washington, DC, and is widely recognized as the American organization responsible for overseeing the national standards and conformity assessment system for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel. ANSI works domestically with American government agencies and organizations, as well as with international entities, to make ANSI standards useful around the world. Prior to the creation of ANSI, standards for engineering and equipment such as flanges were developed by the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE or IEEE), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the American Institute of Mi
Read more